R.philomina

  ABSTRACT BLOOM'S TAXONOMY is a widely recognized framework in the field of education, used to classify educational learning objectives according to levels of complexity and specificity. Developed by Benjamin Bloom and his colleagues in the 1950s, this taxonomy provides a structured way to develop and assess different cognitive skills in learners. Its primary purpose is to encourage higher-order thinking beyond simple memorization, enabling educators to design curriculum and assessments that promote deeper understanding and critical thinking. Bloom's Taxonomy is often depicted as a pyramid, with each level building upon the one below it. This hierarchical model originally consisted of six levels: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. In 2001, a revised version was introduced by Anderson and Krathwohl, updating the levels to Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating. This revision also introduced a more dynam...

  MEANING  An open book assessment allows students to access and use learning materials, like textbooks and notes, during the evaluation process. Unlike traditional exams that primarily test memory recall, open book assessments focus on evaluating students' ability to understand, apply, and interpret information. They often require students to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information rather than simply regurgitating facts.  Key characteristics of open book assessments: Access to materials: Students can refer to textbooks, notes, and other approved resources during the assessment. Focus on higher-order thinking: Open book assessments typically evaluate skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, analysis, and application of knowledge. Preparation is still crucial: While students can use resources, effective performance still requires thorough preparation and understanding of the subject matter. Not just memorization: The emphasis shifts from memorizing facts to un...

  MEANING  An inclusive classroom is a general education setting where students with and without disabilities learn together, fostering an environment that supports diverse learning needs. It aims to provide equitable access to learning for all students, ensuring they feel valued and supported. Inclusive classrooms are characterized by deliberate strategies to address individual learning differences and promote a sense of belonging for every student.  Key Aspects of Inclusive Classrooms: Shared Learning Space: Students with diverse learning needs learn alongside their typically developing peers in the same general education classroom.  Equitable Access to Learning: Inclusive classrooms strive to provide all students with the support and resources they need to succeed, regardless of their learning differences.  Welcoming and Supportive Environment: Inclusive classrooms are designed to be safe, welcoming, and respectful of all students, fostering a sense of belong...

MEANING OF TEACHER CENTERED LEARNING  A teacher-centered method of teaching places the instructor at the forefront, emphasizing direct instruction and the transmission of knowledge from the teacher to the students. This approach is often characterized by lectures, presentations, and structured activities where the teacher controls the pace and content of the lesson. While it can be effective for introducing new concepts and ensuring foundational knowledge, it may not always foster critical thinking or cater to diverse learning styles . Key characteristics of teacher-centered methods: Teacher as expert: The teacher is seen as the primary source of information and authority.  Direct instruction: Information is delivered through lectures, demonstrations, and presentations.  Passive learning: Students are primarily listeners and note-takers, with limited opportunities for active participation or discussion.  Focus on content coverage: The emphasis is on covering a specif...